{"id":1442010,"date":"2023-12-04T04:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bugaluu.com\/news\/?p=1442010"},"modified":"2023-12-04T04:30:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:30:00","slug":"these-are-the-critical-minerals-to-china-eu-us-national-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bugaluu.com\/news\/these-are-the-critical-minerals-to-china-eu-us-national-security\/1442010\/","title":{"rendered":"These Are The Critical Minerals To China, EU, & US National Security"},"content":{"rendered":"

These Are The Critical Minerals To China, EU, & US National Security<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Governments formulate lists of critical minerals according to their industrial requirements and strategic evaluations of supply risks.<\/p>\n

Over the last decade, minerals like nickel, copper, and lithium have been on these lists and deemed essential for clean technologies like EV batteries and solar and wind power.<\/p>\n

Visual Capitalist’s Bruno Venditti and Zach Aboulazm created the following graphic<\/a>, using data from\u00a0 IRENA<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0U.S. Department of Energy<\/a>, to identify which minerals are essential to China, the United States, and the European Union.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

What are Critical Minerals?<\/h2>\n

There is no universally accepted definition of critical minerals. Countries and regions maintain lists that mirror current technology requirements and supply and demand dynamics, among other factors.<\/p>\n

These lists are also constantly changing. For example, the EU\u2019s first critical minerals list in 2011 featured only 14 raw materials. In contrast, the 2023 version identified 34 raw materials as critical.<\/p>\n

One thing countries share, however, is the concern that a lack of minerals could slow down the energy transition.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

With most countries committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the total mineral demand from clean energy technologies is expected to\u00a0double<\/a>\u00a0by 2040.<\/p>\n

U.S. and EU Seek to Reduce Import Reliance on Critical Minerals<\/h2>\n

Ten materials feature on critical material lists of both the U.S., the EU, and China, including cobalt, lithium, graphite, and rare earths.<\/p>\n

Mineral \/ Considered Critical
\n\t\t\t\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf8 U.S.
\n\t\t\t\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa EU
\n\t\t\t\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf3 China
\n\t\tAluminum\/ bauxite
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tAntimony
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tCobalt
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tCopper
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tFluorspar
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tGraphite
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tLithium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tNickel
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tRare earths
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tTungsten
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tArsenic
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tBarite
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tBeryllium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tBismuth
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tGermanium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tHafnium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tMagnesium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tManganese
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tNiobium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tPlatinum
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tTantalum
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tTitanium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tVanadium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tTin
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tZirconium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tPhosphorus
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tCesium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tChromium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tIndium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tRubidium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tSamarium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tTellurium
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tZinc
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tBoron
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tCoking Coal
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tFeldspar
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tGallium
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tHelium
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tPhosphate Rock
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tScandium
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tSilicon
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tStrontium
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\tGold
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tIron ore
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tMolybdenum
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tPotash
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes
\n\t\tUranium
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tNo
\n\t\t\tYes<\/p>\n

Despite having most of the same materials found in the U.S. or China\u2019s list, the European list is the only one to include phosphate rock. The region has limited phosphate resources (only produced in Finland) and largely depends on imports of the material essential for manufacturing fertilizers.<\/p>\n

Coking coal is also only on the EU list. The material is used in the manufacture of pig iron and steel. Production is currently dominated by China (58%), followed by Australia (17%), Russia (7%), and the U.S. (7%).<\/p>\n

The U.S. has also sought to reduce its\u00a0reliance on imports<\/a>. Today, the country is 100% import-dependent on manganese and graphite and 76% on cobalt.<\/p>\n

After decades of sourcing materials from other countries, the U.S. local production of raw materials has become extremely limited. For instance, there is only one operating nickel mine (primary) in the country, the Eagle Mine in Michigan. Likewise, the country only hosts one lithium source in Nevada, the Silver Peak Mine.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s Dominance<\/h2>\n

Despite being the world\u2019s biggest carbon polluter, China is the largest producer of most of the world\u2019s critical minerals for the green revolution.<\/p>\n

China produces 60% of all rare earth elements used as components in high-technology devices, including smartphones and computers. The country also has a 13% share of the lithium production market. In addition, it refines around 35% of the world\u2019s nickel, 58% of lithium, and 70% of cobalt.<\/p>\n

Among some of the unique materials on China\u2019s list is gold. Although gold is used on a smaller scale in technology, China has sought gold for economic and geopolitical factors, mainly to\u00a0diversify<\/a>\u00a0its foreign exchange reserves, which rely heavily on the U.S. dollar.<\/p>\n

ADVERTISEMENT<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Analysts\u00a0estimate<\/a>\u00a0China has bought a record 400 tonnes of gold in recent years.<\/p>\n

China has also slated uranium as a critical mineral. The Chinese government has stated it intends to become self-sufficient in nuclear power plant capacity and fuel production for those plants.<\/p>\n

According to the\u00a0World Nuclear Association<\/a>, China aims to produce one-third of its uranium domestically.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tyler Durden<\/a><\/span>
\nSun, 12\/03\/2023 – 23:30<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200bhttps:\/\/www.zerohedge.com\/commodities\/these-are-critical-minerals-china-eu-us-national-security<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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