The ard, ard plough, or scratch plough is a simple light plough without a mouldboard.It is symmetrical on either side of its line of draft and is fitted with a symmetrical share that traces a shallow furrow but does not invert the soil. It began to be replaced in most of Europe by the carruca turnplough from the 7th century.. In its simplest form it resembles a hoe, consisting of a draft-pole …
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