Methods and goals in AI – Encyclopedia Britannica

August 14, 2025

Artificial intelligence – Machine Learning, Robotics, Algorithms: AI research follows two distinct, and to some extent competing, methods, the symbolic (or “top-down”) approach, and the connectionist (or “bottom-up”) approach. The top-down approach seeks to replicate intelligence by analyzing cognition independent of the biological structure of the brain, in terms of the processing of …

https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Methods-and-goals-in-AI

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